Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

Article Title: PRL-3 promotes telomere deprotection and chromosomal instability

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx392

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of PRL-3 promotes telomere dysfunction. ( A ) Validation of PRL-3 stable overexpression. WI38 fibroblasts were infected with control or PRL-3-expressing letivirus. Expression vectors pcDNA3-myc-PRL-3 (for HCT116 cells), pcDNA3.1-myc-PRL-3 (for LoVo cells) and the respective control plasmids were transfected into cells, followed by selection and pooling of stable colonies. Cell lysates were examined by western blot with antibodies to PRL-3, TRF2 and RAP1. ( B ) Effects of PRL-3 stable overexpression on γH2AX, pCHK1 and p53 levels. Indicated cells were treated with ETP (20 μM) or DMSO (1:1000) for 4 h. ( C ) Effects of PRL-3 stable overexpression on TIF formation. WI38 cells were analyzed by IF-FISH staining of pATM (green) and telomere (red). Left, representative staining. Arrows, foci of TIFs. Scale bar, 5 μm. Right, quantification of cells with ≥5 TIFs. Mean ± SD of two independent experiments. n > 60 metaphase per single experiment. Student's t -test. ( D ) Effects of PRL-3 stable overexpression on dysfunctional telomere repair pathways. Upper, representative CO-FISH staining of WI38 cells. Metaphase cells were stained with probes specific for leading (red) and lagging (green) strands and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Yellow arrow, a typical T-SCE. White arrow, a chromosome–chromosome fusion. Red arrowhead, a MTS. Scale bar, 2.5 μm. Lower, quantification of abnormalities. Mean ± SD of two independent experiments. n > 1300 chromosomes per single experiment. Student's t -test. ( E ) Southern blot analysis of PRL-3 stable overexpression-induced telomere deprotection. Genomic DNA from indicated cells were resolved on agarose gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and probed with biotin-labeled telomere probe. ( F ) qPCR analysis of PRL-3 stable overexpression-induced telomere deprotection. Relative telomere to single copy gene (T/S) ratio of control cells was set as 1. Mean ± SD of three independent experiments. n = 4 replicates per single experiment. Student's t -test.

Article Snippet: After boiling for 10 min, 50% (for detection of telomeric DNA) or 20% (for detection of Alu) of precipitated DNA and input DNA were dot-blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane using Bio-Rad BIO-DOT apparatus.

Techniques: Over Expression, Biomarker Discovery, Infection, Control, Expressing, Transfection, Selection, Western Blot, Staining, Southern Blot, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Membrane, Labeling